“Operation Gladio is a NATO-backed paramilitary network established after WW2, reportedly inspired by fear of the USSR. It was also called the "Stay behind network", since if the Red Army invaded Europe, its members would "stay behind" enemy lines to disrupt Soviet control. Officially non-existent, secrecy was so extreme that these networks were hard for NATO/MI6/Deep state officials to control. Gladio was responsible for bombings, kidnappings and assassinations to such an extent that the network was publicly exposed in Italy in the 1980s and was the subject of a BBC documentary by Alan Francovich some years later.[1] The project was adapted in the mid 1990s as "Gladio B", using "Moslem terrorists" as a substitute enemy image for communists.”*
“Operation Gladio is the codename for clandestine "stay-behind" operations of armed resistance that was organized by the Western Union (WU), and subsequently by NATO and the CIA,[1][2] in collaboration with several European intelligence agencies.[3] The operation was designed for a potential Warsaw Pact invasion and conquest of Europe. While an invasion never happened, some of the anti-communist armed groups engaged in the harassment of left-wing parties, terror attacks, massacres and torture in countries such as Italy.[4][5][6][7] Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, "Operation Gladio" is used as an informal name for all of them. Stay-behind operations were prepared in many NATO member countries, and some neutral countries.”**
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*https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Operation_Gladio (Bold emphasis added.)
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gladio
See also:
▪ Gladio, NATO's Dagger at the Heart of Europe: The Pentagon-Nazi-Mafia Terror Axis by Cottrell Richard
▪ NATO's Secret Armies: Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe (Contemporary Security Studies) Part of: Contemporary Security Studies (125 Books) | by Daniele Ganser
▪ Operation Gladio: The Unholy Alliance Between The Vatican, The CIA, and The Mafia by Paul L. Williams